Who is the owner of the Nobel prize famous (Nobel Prize Global)
* Alfred Nobel
Is an engineer and chemist Swedish died in 1896, he had invented dynamite in 1867
It is then recommended that all wealth earned by the invention of the Nobel Prize named after him.
* Life
Born Alfred Nobel in October 24, 1833 in the city of Stockholm, capital of Sweden. Allowed his father Immanuel Nobel, after the effort and struggle to work in the field of naval mines and richness of it, the opportunity to learn a good son, Alfred, and three brothers, where provided them with qualified teachers in the natural sciences, chemistry, languages and literature. What was that Alfred seventeen years old even mastered five languages: Swedish, Russian, French, English, and German.
His father worked on the construction of a plant near the city of Stockholm for the manufacture of high-explosive material Alenetrokhlisrin, and the manufactures about 140 kilograms of this article, but the plant exploded in 1864. The explosion caused the deaths of his younger brother Emil, and four of chemists and workers.
Alfred work to tame and control the use of material Alenetrokhlisrin very fact to the invention of dynamite in 1866, and obtained a patent, Vthavtaat to buy construction companies, mines and armed forces, and spread the use of dynamite in all parts of the world. The Alfred create dozens of factories and plants in twenty countries, and reap from behind it is very great wealth until he became one of the richest men in the world.
* Nobel Prize:
Given the Nobel Prize on 10 December of each year for those who does research highlights, or for those who can invent new techniques or from the social services noble. The Nobel Prize highest ranking of praise and flattery in the world. The spiritual father of the Nobel Prize is a Swedish industrial and inventor of dynamite, Alfred Nobel. It has ratified the Swedish Nobel annual award in his will that documented in the Swedish club - Norwegian November 27, 1895.
Held the first celebration for the Nobel Prize in Literature, Physics, Chemistry, and Medicine at the Royal Academy in Stockholm musical Swedish in 1901. Starting in 1902, the king himself delivered the Nobel Prize laureates for people. Frequency King "Oscar" II, King of Sweden at the beginning of the command in the delivery of a national award for non-Swedes, but accept the situation later realized to the amount of global publicity reaped by Sweden.
Received Nobel prizes in an official ceremony on the tenth of December of each year to announce the names of the winners in the month of October of the same year by the various committees and concerned in determining the winners of the Nobel Prize. And the tenth of December is the day of the death of the Swedish industrial, owner of the Nobel Prize.
Include Nobel Prize amount 10 million Swedish kroner, any more than one million U.S. dollars shortly. In 1968, the Swedish bank introduction of the Nobel Prize for Economic Sciences Nobel but the family did not recognize the award created as Alfred Nobel did not mention among the areas that give them the Nobel Prize. It is that year, it was decided not to introduce new areas of the Nobel Prize and areas approved by the Alfred Nobel and awarded her the prize the following:
Physics
Chemistry
Study of organs or Medicine
Arts
Peace
Economy
* List of Nobel laureates
Nobel Prize winners are writers, scholars, peacemakers Kavioa prize in their field.
* Physics 1901 William Roentgen
1902 Hndrick Lorentz and Peter Zeman
1903 Henry Bakural and Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
1904 Relay for WordPress
1905 Philip Lennart
1906 c Thompson
Albert Michelson 1907
1908 Gabriel Lippmann
1909 Ferdinand Brod, Jojlemu Marconi
1910 Johan van der Dedryck Wales
1911 William Wayne
1912 Gustav delen
1921_1923 {} Einstein
* Chemistry
{1999} Ahmed Zewail {1933} Schrodinger
* Physiology Medicine
There are one
Literature
{1988} Naguib Mahfouz
* Peace
1978 Muhammad Anwar Sadat (Egypt)
1979 Mother Teresa (India)
1990 Mikhail Gorbachev (Soviet Union)
1991 Aung San Suu Kyi (Burma)
Rigoberta Menchu 1992 (Guatemala)
1993 Nelson Mandelaovrderek de Klerk (South Africa)
1994 Yasser Arafat (Palestine) and Isaac Rabinohimon Perez (Israel)
1995 Movement Bjoash anti-nuclear and Joseph Rotblat
1996 Bishop Carlos Bellowjoseh Ramos-Horta (East Timor)
1997 global campaign to ban anti-personnel mines and its coordinator Jody Williams (United States)
1998 John Humodavid Trimble (Northern Ireland)
1999 Organization "Doctors Without Borders" French non-governmental
2000 Kim Dae - Jung (South Korea)
2001 United Altdhokovi Annan (Ghana)
2002 Jimmy Carter (United States)
2003 Shirin Ebadi (Iran)
2004 and Ngari Maathai (Kenya)
2005 Muhammad Albrdeiwalukalh International Atomic Energy
2006 Muhammad Aonsopennek Grameen
* Economy
1969 - Ranger Frisch Ragnar Frisch (Norway) and Jean Tenbrzin Jan Tinbergen (Netherlands)
1970 - Paul Samuelson Paul A. Samuelson (United States)
1971 - Simon Kuznets Simon Kuznets (United States)
1972 - John Hicks John R. Hicks (United Kingdom) and Kenneth Arrow Kenneth J. Arrow (U.S.) 1973 - Wesley Leontief Wassily Leontief (Russia)
1974 - Gunnar Mardl Gunnar Myrdal (Sweden) and Friedrich Hayek Friedrich August von Hayek (Austria)
1975 - Leonid Katrovi_ Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich (Soviet Union) and Kubmanz Tjalling C. Koopmans (Netherlands)
1976 - Milton Friedman Milton Friedman (United States)
1977 - Olin Bertil Bertil Ohlin (Sweden) and James Meade James E. Meade (United Kingdom)
1978 - Herbert Simon Herbert A. Simon (United States)
1979 - Theodore Theodore W. Scaltz Schultz (United States) and Arthur Lewis Sir Arthur Lewis (St. - Louis)
1980 - Lawrence Lawrence R. Klein Klein (United States)
1981 - James Tobin James Tobin (United States)
1982 - George Stejlr George J. Stigler (United States)
1983 - Gerard Debr Gerard Debreu (France)
1984 - Richard Stone Richard Stone (Kingdom, United)
1985 - Franco Modigliani Franco Modigliani (United States)
1986 - James Buchanan, Jr. James M. Buchanan Jr (USA)
1987 - Robert Solow Robert M. Solow (United States)
1988 - Maurice Elias Maurice Allais (France)
1989 - Havelmo Trygve Haavelmo (Norway)
1990 - Harry Harry M. Markovic Markowitz (United States) and Merton Merton H. Miller Miller (United States) and William Sharp William F. Sharpe (United States)
1991 - Ronald Coase Ronald H. Coase (United Kingdom)
1992 - Gary Becker Gary S. Becker (United States)
1993 - Robert Vogel Robert W. Foge (United States) and Douglas Douglass C. North North (United States)
1994 - John Harsana John C. Harsanyi (USA) and John Forbes Nash John F. Nash Jr. (United States) and Reinhard sultan Reinhard Selten (Germany)
1995 - Robert Lucas, Jr. Robert E. Lucas Jr. (United States)
1996 - James James A. Mirrlees Mirrlees (United Kingdom) and William Vickrey William Vickrey (United States)
1997 - Robert Merton Robert C. Merton (United States) and Myron Scholes Myron S. Scholes (Canada) 1998 - Amartya Sen Amartya Sen (India)
1999 - Robert Mandel Robert A. Mundell (Canada) 2000 - James Heckman James J. Heckman (USA) and Daniel Daniel L. McFadden McFadden (United States)
2001 - George George A. Akerlof Akerlof (U.S.), and A. Michael Spence Michael Spence (United States) and Joseph Joseph E. Stejlz Stiglitz (United States)
2002 - Daniel Kahneman Daniel Kahneman (France / USA / Israel) and Vernon Vernon L. Smith Smith (United States)
2003 - Robert Angel Robert F. Engle III (United States) and Clive Clive WJ Granger Granger (United Kingdom)
2004 - Finn Finn E. Kydland Kydland (Norway) and Edward Prescott Edward C. Prescott (United States)
2005 - Robert Aumann Robert J. Aumann (Israel) and Thomas Schilling Thomas C. Schelling (United States)
2006 - Edmund Edmund S. Phelps Phelps (U.S.) 2009 - Barack Obama (U.S.) ** What award
The award consists of a certificate and a gold medal and a sum of money. Since 2001 the prize money determined ten million crowns. And if there is more than one person on the award in the same field is split the amount they are not required to divide evenly
* Nomination and selection
For the Nobel Prize to be first nomination, the nomination is not only to persons alive. And the right of nomination is for people who have the prize before, as have the right to stand in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine and economics for the members of the Nobel Committee for each area of the Academy of Sciences and professors any of these areas at the universities of Scandinavian certain, as well as some of the people selected from faculty members in some other universities . For the Nobel Prize in literature can offer suggestions nomination by professors of Arts and linguistic research, members of the Swedish Academy and similar bodies and head of the Writers Guild actress. The proposals nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize may come from any member of the government or one of the international courts as well as university professors in the fields of social sciences, history and philosophy, law, theology and heads of research institutes specializing in the area of peace or other similar institutions.
** Criticized for Nobel Prize
Lack of neutrality since it was awarded first prize in 1901 generated by the vitriol and the opposition, and cast doubt on the impartiality of the award and of the most important criticisms questioning the integrity, especially in the area of peace and the economy, where countries were socialist bloc and the Soviet Union, says that the award in the economy given only for the owners thought capitalist economic has met selection Francis Vukayama for the Nobel Prize in Physics barbs and was told that this consecration of liberal and Western values, as well as the Nobel Peace Prize calls into question the impartiality special prizes awarded to some presidents have met selecting Mohamed Anwar Sadat for the Nobel Peace Prize after the Camp David a rejection of the Arab and Islamic countries that reject normalization with Israel. Non-allocation of Mathematics Award of the Nobel Prize criticism not allocated Prize for mathematics. It was also questioning the impartiality of the award having won more than one person from the same family, it's family (Korean) French won the prize of five people
Alfred imagine that this invention may work on the happiness of mankind, and when he found fault in the destination decided that the end of his life bestows some fortune for each of contributing to the happiness and prosperity of human beings and delivered over the Nobel Prize.
Matt Alfred Nobel tenth day of December, 1896 in the city of San Remo Italian alone, has left behind a fortune estimated at about 30 million SEK, and commandment to invest the bulk of his fortune in the projects profitability is of proceeds awarded five annual prizes for more than reported human in the areas of It identified the field of chemistry, physics, medicine or physiology, literature, and world peace
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